English translation: Kisari Mohan Ganguli, Sanatan study edition. Edition record. Original Sanskrit transcription: Sanskrit Wikisource contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0; Sanatan English renderings and notes: CC BY-SA 4.0. Historical English source notices retained in the archive.

Original Sanskrit is preserved from the linked Wikisource revision. Layout whitespace and HTML are normalized; source wording and accent marks are retained. English and explanations are separately credited. Reader positions are sequential; printed references retain the source’s own hierarchy. Original text revision.

Explanations: Sanatan original study notes (AI-assisted). This note accompanies Adi Parva 1 · invocation.

English is the available translation and explanation language for this edition. Your last visited location is saved locally for guests or to your account when signed in.